Exodus 23:23-28
23 For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off.
24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images.
25 And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.
26 There shall nothing cast their young, nor be barren, in thy land: the number of thy days I will fulfil.
27 I will send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.
28 And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
Nelson's Commentary
Hornets: The Hebrew is in the singular, “the hornet,” although the word may be translated in the plural, as here.
Send: This is the third use of the verb meaning “to send” in this passage (vv.
20,
27) with Yahweh as the subject. The scheme seems to be as follows:It is possible that the first in the scheme, the Angel, is a direct reference to the pre-incarnate Savior (v.
20), but that the second and third terms are simply more general and abstract ideas. The structure of the passage, however, leads one to explore the idea that both
Wrath and
Hornet are words that also express ways in which
the Angel will operate on behalf of the people of God. That is, He who is comfort and protection to the people of Israel (
My Angel), is also an expression of the wrath of God (
My Fear) against the wickedness of the peoples of the land of Canaan, whose iniquities are now complete (compare
Gen. 15:16) and who are now about to feel His sting (
the Hornet). It was the promise of Yahweh that it would be He who would judge these wicked people (
Gen. 15:14). Is it not possible that the
Wrath in v.
27 is a personification of God's righteous indignation against the wicked? If so, is it also possible that this is a hitherto unrecognized prophetic picture of the Christ? We know that one day the Savior will come as the avenging Judge (
Rev. 19:11–21; compare
Pss. 2;
110). Here, as the Wrath of God, He is presented as about to bring judgment on the peoples of Canaan.
Similarly, it is possible that He is also
the Hornet. Since there is no record of God using any insects whatsoever in the conquest of the land of Canaan, as He had used insects and other natural phenomena in the plagues against Egypt (chs.
7—10), we conclude that the term
the Hornet may be used here as a metaphor of God's power (
Deut. 7:20;
Josh. 24:12). Moreover, it is possible that both this word and
Wrath in v.
27 are used in a similar manner to
My Angel in v.
20 to speak of a preincarnation appearance of the living Savior Jesus. As a hornet has a frightful sting, so the Lord Himself would fight on behalf of His people, bringing a terrifying sting to the enemies of Israel.
This proposed use of the terms
Wrath and
Hornet as descriptive words for the work of Christ before His incarnation is similar to the suggestion in
Ex. 12:23, that
the Destroyer is also a term describing the Savior in acts of divine judgment.