While working out a study on the basic text of John 3:16 I discovered the following:
All agree on the same Greek text for this verse except for the word ουτως or ουτω, the 'ς' on the end of the word denotes that it comes before a vowel. This minor variation does not effect the meaning of the verse.
Here are just a few of our English translations available. I tried to keep the number low so I selected only those texts that seemed to differ greatly.
New International Version (©1984)
"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.
New Living Translation (©2007)
"For God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.
English Standard Version (©2001)
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
New American Standard Bible (©1995)
"For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life.
King James Bible (Cambridge Ed.)
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
International Standard Version (©2008)
"For this is how God loved the world: He gave his unique Son so that everyone who believes in him might not be lost but have eternal life.
Bible in Basic English
For God had such love for the world that he gave his only Son, so that whoever has faith in him may not come to destruction but have eternal life.
Weymouth New Testament
For so greatly did God love the world that He gave His only Son, that every one who trusts in Him may not perish but may have the Life of Ages.
Young's Literal Translation
for God did so love the world, that His Son -- the only begotten -- He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during.
As one can see when reading the various translations of the Greek text, there are some variations which make little difference at all. 'Whosoever', 'whoever', 'everyone' and 'every one' all give the same basic understanding although they are different words. Same with 'Who believes', 'has trust', 'has faith in' etc. But the last phrase I highlighted contains variations such as 'should not perish', 'shall not perish' and 'will not perish'. These do not agree.
What we need to do is take a look at the words or phrases in question and work to understand what they are truly saying in the Greek vernacular.
τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ - the son the only one
μονογενῆ - is the word that seems to be translated different above. The following is taken from Thayers Greek Lexicon.
In the KJV, the term 'only begotten' is only used when speaking of Jesus. The same Greek word is translated 'the only', 'only child' and 'one only' when referencing other peoples children. Then we have Abraham who actually had 2 children at the time he offered up Isaac. This word is translated 'his only begotten' to describe Isaac even though Ishmael was begotten by him. We also know that Adam is referred to as the son of God as well as angels are referred to as the sons of God. Jesus of course is called the son of God.
If we stay with the concept of 'single of its kind' then we can make sense of it. Isaac was the son of promise as single of kind. Each of the people spoken of who only had one child were single of their kind. So here we must examine how Jesus was 'single of his kind' as opposed to all the other sons of God. Jesus was the only one who God actually brought into the creation using a woman and didn't begin his existence there. Jesus had enjoyed fellowship with the Father before the world began.
It would seem to me that 'the only begotten son' would best suit for clarity but it doesn't make the others wrong.
πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν - any who believe in him
All of our translations are basically saying the same thing. Unfortunately they do not capture the essence of what can be understood in the Greek.
πιστεύων the word translated for believe is actually a 'present active participle' in the Greek. Participles denote a continuous action. So the person spoken of here is both presently and continuously believing or having faith in Jesus. One who stops believing would not be being referred to in this verse even if he/she initially believed. Everyone who is continuously believing in him is a fuller translation of the text. Once again this does not make our translations inaccurate.
μὴ ἀπόληται - not perish
ἀπόληται the word translated for perish/destruction/lost is actually a 'aorist middle subjunctive' in the Greek. Aorist denotes a punticular or single event. Subjunctive denotes that something is merely a possibility and not a guarantee. Middle denotes that the subject is actually acting upon themselves or in their own interest.
The Greek is really saying 'may not cause themselves to perish'.
ἀλλ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον - but have life eternal
ἔχῃ - once again we have 'present active subjunctive' and the subjunctive means that this is only a possibility and not a guarantee. Herein we find that we do have translations that are inaccurately translating the text. It should not be translated as a definite.
In the end we should understand that: God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that any who continuously are believing in him should not cause themselves to perish but might have eternal life.
The guarantee is God made it possible.
This of course is just a look at a verse by itself and not considering it within the context in which it was written. To understand more about the verse itself we would need to understand it within the context of John 3:1-21. And doing that would reveal more.
Gary
- Of the Greek manuscripts that I have:
- The Apostolic Bible Polyglot
- Byzantine Greek New Testament
- Westcott & Hort Greek New Testament
- Textus Receptus Greek New Testament
All agree on the same Greek text for this verse except for the word ουτως or ουτω, the 'ς' on the end of the word denotes that it comes before a vowel. This minor variation does not effect the meaning of the verse.
Here are just a few of our English translations available. I tried to keep the number low so I selected only those texts that seemed to differ greatly.
New International Version (©1984)
"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.
New Living Translation (©2007)
"For God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.
English Standard Version (©2001)
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
New American Standard Bible (©1995)
"For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life.
King James Bible (Cambridge Ed.)
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
International Standard Version (©2008)
"For this is how God loved the world: He gave his unique Son so that everyone who believes in him might not be lost but have eternal life.
Bible in Basic English
For God had such love for the world that he gave his only Son, so that whoever has faith in him may not come to destruction but have eternal life.
Weymouth New Testament
For so greatly did God love the world that He gave His only Son, that every one who trusts in Him may not perish but may have the Life of Ages.
Young's Literal Translation
for God did so love the world, that His Son -- the only begotten -- He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during.
As one can see when reading the various translations of the Greek text, there are some variations which make little difference at all. 'Whosoever', 'whoever', 'everyone' and 'every one' all give the same basic understanding although they are different words. Same with 'Who believes', 'has trust', 'has faith in' etc. But the last phrase I highlighted contains variations such as 'should not perish', 'shall not perish' and 'will not perish'. These do not agree.
What we need to do is take a look at the words or phrases in question and work to understand what they are truly saying in the Greek vernacular.
τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ - the son the only one
μονογενῆ - is the word that seems to be translated different above. The following is taken from Thayers Greek Lexicon.
- single of its kind, only
- used of only sons or daughters (viewed in relation to their parents)
- used of Christ, denotes the only begotten son of God
In the KJV, the term 'only begotten' is only used when speaking of Jesus. The same Greek word is translated 'the only', 'only child' and 'one only' when referencing other peoples children. Then we have Abraham who actually had 2 children at the time he offered up Isaac. This word is translated 'his only begotten' to describe Isaac even though Ishmael was begotten by him. We also know that Adam is referred to as the son of God as well as angels are referred to as the sons of God. Jesus of course is called the son of God.
If we stay with the concept of 'single of its kind' then we can make sense of it. Isaac was the son of promise as single of kind. Each of the people spoken of who only had one child were single of their kind. So here we must examine how Jesus was 'single of his kind' as opposed to all the other sons of God. Jesus was the only one who God actually brought into the creation using a woman and didn't begin his existence there. Jesus had enjoyed fellowship with the Father before the world began.
It would seem to me that 'the only begotten son' would best suit for clarity but it doesn't make the others wrong.
πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν - any who believe in him
All of our translations are basically saying the same thing. Unfortunately they do not capture the essence of what can be understood in the Greek.
πιστεύων the word translated for believe is actually a 'present active participle' in the Greek. Participles denote a continuous action. So the person spoken of here is both presently and continuously believing or having faith in Jesus. One who stops believing would not be being referred to in this verse even if he/she initially believed. Everyone who is continuously believing in him is a fuller translation of the text. Once again this does not make our translations inaccurate.
μὴ ἀπόληται - not perish
ἀπόληται the word translated for perish/destruction/lost is actually a 'aorist middle subjunctive' in the Greek. Aorist denotes a punticular or single event. Subjunctive denotes that something is merely a possibility and not a guarantee. Middle denotes that the subject is actually acting upon themselves or in their own interest.
The Greek is really saying 'may not cause themselves to perish'.
ἀλλ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον - but have life eternal
ἔχῃ - once again we have 'present active subjunctive' and the subjunctive means that this is only a possibility and not a guarantee. Herein we find that we do have translations that are inaccurately translating the text. It should not be translated as a definite.
In the end we should understand that: God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that any who continuously are believing in him should not cause themselves to perish but might have eternal life.
The guarantee is God made it possible.
This of course is just a look at a verse by itself and not considering it within the context in which it was written. To understand more about the verse itself we would need to understand it within the context of John 3:1-21. And doing that would reveal more.
Gary