Those are two excellent posts. Now, a question if we look at Romans 4:25 in a literal translation and the Weymouth -
"who was delivered up because of our offences, and was raised up because of our being declared righteous." (Rom 4:25 YLT)
or from the Weymouth
"who was surrendered to death because of the offences we had committed, and was raised to life because of the acquittal secured for us." (Rom 4:25 Weymouth)
What is the response to John Gill's comments on the next verse, Rom. 5:1 -
"Therefore being justified by faith,.... Not that faith is at the first of our justification; for that is a sentence which passed in the mind of God from all eternity, and which passed on Christ, and on all the elect considered in him, when he rose from the dead; see Ro 4:25; nor is it the chief, or has it the chief place in justification; it is not the efficient cause of it, it is God that justifies, and not faith; it is not the moving cause of it, that is the free grace of God; it is not the matter of it, that is the righteousness of Christ: we are not justified by faith, either as God's work in us, for, as such, it is a part of sanctification; nor as our work or act, as exercised by us, for then we should be justified by works, by something of our own, and have whereof to glory; but we are justified by faith objectively and relatively, as that relates to the object Christ, and his righteousness; or as it is a means of our knowledge, and perception of our justification by Christ's righteousness, and of our enjoying the comfort of it..."
From the 1644/1646 First London Confession of Faith of Particular Baptists on justification -
XXVIII
THOSE that have union with Christ, are justified from all their sins by the blood of Christ, which justification is a gracious and full acquittance of a guilty sinner from all sin, by God, through the satisfaction that Christ hath made by His death for all their sins, and this applied (in manifestation of it) through faith.
1 John 1:7; Heb.l0:14, 9:26; 2 Cor.5:19; Rom.3:23; Acts 13:38,39; Rom.5:1, 3:25,30.
Does/did justification of the elect happen before the creation, as taught by John Gill, "eternal justification"? At the point in time that the elect believes? Or, at the cross while we were still ungodly?
The problem with this interpretation is that it repeatedly inserts Calvinistic assumptions into the text instead of letting the text speak for itself.
Romans 4:5 says:
“But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.”
Notice carefully:
- The verse says God justifies “the ungodly.”
- The verse explicitly connects justification with faith:
“his faith is counted for righteousness.”
Paul is not teaching that people are already justified before believing. He is teaching that God justifies ungodly people THROUGH faith.
The Calvinist argument quietly changes the verse into: “God justified the elect before they believed.”
But Paul never says that.
In fact, Romans 5:1 directly contradicts the idea of eternal justification:
“Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.”
If the elect were already justified from eternity, or already justified at the cross before believing, then Paul’s wording makes little sense. Why say “being justified by faith” at all?
Faith is not merely awareness of a justification already possessed eternally. Faith is the means by which a person receives justification.
Romans 3:25-26 also says this:
“Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood…”
Again, justification is connected to faith, not to an eternal decree existing apart from faith.
The Calvinist argument also confuses:
- The accomplishment of atonement,
with
- The application of atonement.
Christ died for sins at the cross historically. But individuals receive the benefits of His death when they believe.
That is why Paul says in
Romans 5:1: “being justified by faith.”
Even Romans 5:6 does not say: “Christ died only for the elect.” It simply says: “Christ died for the ungodly.”
Calvinists assume “ungodly = elect only,” but the text itself never says that.
In Romans, “ungodly” refers broadly to sinful mankind. Earlier in Romans Paul already described the ungodliness of humanity generally:
Romans 1:18: “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness…”
So there is no reason to artificially limit “ungodly” in Romans 5:6 to only the elect.
The appeal to Romans 8:33 also fails because Paul is speaking about believers who are already in Christ, not unconverted people walking around already justified before faith.
Romans 8 is describing the security of believers, not teaching eternal justification.
Likewise, Titus 3:7 does not teach eternal justification either:
“That being justified by his grace…”
Grace is the source of justification, but scripture consistently says faith is the means through which justification is received.
Ephesians 2:8-9:
“For by grace are ye saved through faith…”
Grace and faith are not enemies. Salvation is by grace THROUGH faith.
John Gill’s “eternal justification” creates major biblical problems:
- If people are justified before believing, then in what sense are they still “children of wrath” (Eph 2:3)?
- How can a justified person still be condemned already (John 3:18)?
- Why does scripture repeatedly connect justification to faith if justification already existed eternally?
The Bible never says: “You were justified from eternity.”
It says:
- Christ died for sins.
- The gospel is preached.
- People believe.
- God justifies the believer.
That is the consistent apostolic pattern.
The Calvinist system is reading a theological framework back into the text instead of deriving doctrine from the actual wording of scripture.